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Moïra B. Dion1,2, Frank Oechslin1,2 and Sylvain Moineau1,2,3 1 Département de biochimie, de microbiologie et de bio-informatique, Faculté des sciences et de génie, Université Laval, Québec City, G1V 0A6, Canada1 加拿大魁北克市拉瓦尔大学科学与工程学院生物化学、微生物学和生物信息学系，G1V 0A6 2 Groupe de recherche en écologie buccale, Faculté de médecine dentaire, Université Laval, Québec City, G1V 0A6, Canada2 加拿大魁北克市 G1V 0A6 拉瓦尔大学牙科学院口腔生态研究小组 3 Félix d’Hérelle Reference Center

Abstract 摘要 Phage therapy is one of the alternatives to treat infections caused by both antibiotic-sensitive and antibiotic-resistant bacteria, with no or low toxicity to patients. It was started a century ago, although rapidly growing bacterial antimicrobial resistance, resulting in high levels of morbidity, mortality, and financial cost, has initiated the revival of phage therapy. It

Opinion 意见 Evolutionary Rationale for Phages as Complements of Antibiotics噬菌体与抗生素互补的进化原理 Clara Torres-Barceló1,* and Michael E. Hochberg1,2,*Clara Torres-Barceló1,* 和 Michael E. Hochberg1,2,* Trends 发展趋势 The efficacy of new and old antibiotics could be preserved if combined with phages.如果与噬菌体结合使用，新旧抗生素的功效都能得到保留。 Positive interactions have been observed between antibiotics and lytic phages in controlling bacterial pathogens both in vitro and in vivo.在体外和体内，都观察到抗生素和溶菌噬菌体在控制细菌病原体方面的良性相互作用。

The irrational use of antibiotics has led to a high emergence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria. The traditional overuse of antibiotics in the animal feed industry plays a crucial role in the emergence of these pathogens that pose both economic and health problems. In addition, antibiotics have also recently experienced an increase to treat companion animal infections, promoting the emergence of MDR bacteria in pets, which can reach humans. Phages have been proposed as an alternative for antibiotics for the treatment of livestock and companion animal infections due to their multiple advantages as adaptative drugs, such as their ability to evolve, to multiply at the site of infections, and their high specificity. Moreover, phage-derived enzymes may also be an interesting approach. However, the lack of regulation for this type of pharmaceutical hinders its potential commercialization. In this review, we summarize the main recent studies on phage therapy in livestock and companion animals, providing an insight into current advances in this area and the future of treatments for bacterial infections.
抗生素的不合理使用导致了多重耐药菌的大量出现。在动物饲料工业中，抗生素的传统过度使用在这些病原体的出现中起着至关重要的作用，这些病原体造成了经济和健康问题。此外，抗生素最近也经历了治疗伴侣动物感染的增加，促进了宠物中MDR细菌的出现，这些细菌可以到达人类。由于噬菌体作为适应性药物的多种优势，例如它们在感染部位进化、繁殖的能力以及它们的高特异性，噬菌体已被提议作为抗生素的替代物用于治疗家畜和伴侣动物感染。此外，噬菌体衍生的酶也可能是一种有趣的方法。然而，缺乏对这类药物的监管阻碍了其潜在的商业化。 在这篇综述中，我们总结了最近在家畜和伴侣动物中的噬菌体治疗的主要研究，提供了对该领域当前进展和细菌感染治疗未来的见解。