Phage Tech

Abstract 摘要 Bacteriophages and bacterial biofilms are widely present in natural environments, a fact that has accelerated the evolution of phages and their bacterial hosts in these particular niches. Phage-host interactions in biofilm communities are rather complex, where phages are not always merely predators but also can establish symbiotic relationships that induce and strengthen biofilms. In

Abstract 摘要 Bacteriophages—viruses that infect bacteria—are abundant within our bodies, but their significance to human health is only beginning to be explored. Here, we synthesize what is currently known about our phageome and its interactions with the immune system. We first review how phages indirectly affect immunity via bacterial expression of phage-encoded proteins. We next review

Ewa Jończyk-Matysiak 1,*作者：  Adam Jędrusiak 1 ,  Wojciech Fortuna 2,3 ,  乔安娜-马耶夫斯基 1 ,  安杰伊-戈尔斯基 1,3,4 和  Ewa Jończyk-Matysiak 1,* Bacteriophage Laboratory, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland波兰弗罗茨瓦夫，53-114，波兰科学院赫兹菲尔德免疫学与实验治疗研究所噬菌体实验室 Department of Neurosurgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 54-427 Wroclaw, Poland波兰 54-427 弗罗茨瓦夫 Borowska 213 号弗罗茨瓦夫医科大学神经外科系 Phage Therapy Unit, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland波兰弗罗茨瓦夫，53-114，波兰科学院赫兹菲尔德免疫学和实验治疗研究所噬菌体治疗组 Infant

前言 Introduction 噬菌体是地球上最丰富的生物实体，在其细菌宿主的生态和进化中起着关键作用。裂解（lytic）和溶原（lysogenic）途径是噬菌体生命周期的最佳描述。裂解途径是当噬菌体侵入细菌后，利用宿主菌的核糖体合成子代噬菌体，引起宿主细菌的裂解死亡，释放出子代噬菌体；溶原途径是溶原性噬菌体（温和性噬菌体）将DNA整合到宿主基因组，随细菌基因组复制而复制，并不裂解宿主菌。然而，发现越来越多的噬菌体可通过其他途径完成生命周期，使噬菌体经典的裂解-溶原途径受到了挑战。其中，假溶原（Pseudolysogeny）状态和携带者状态（carrier state）可能广泛的存在，并具有重要的生态作用，但当前对两者的研究不足和认识不够深入。因此，本文将围绕假溶原/携带者状态展开，从它们的定义、研究进展和研究挑战等几个方面进行简述，让大家认识到噬菌体-宿主菌相互作用的复杂性，远超经典的裂解-溶原途径，并引起足够的重视和促进相关的机制研究。Phages are the most abundant biological entities on Earth and play a key role in the ecology and evolution of their bacterial hosts. The lytic and lysogenic pathways are the best descriptions of the phage life cycle. The lytic pathway occurs when a phage invades a bacterium and synthesizes a zygotic phage using

Moïra B. Dion1,2, Frank Oechslin1,2 and Sylvain Moineau1,2,3 1 Département de biochimie, de microbiologie et de bio-informatique, Faculté des sciences et de génie, Université Laval, Québec City, G1V 0A6, Canada1 加拿大魁北克市拉瓦尔大学科学与工程学院生物化学、微生物学和生物信息学系，G1V 0A6 2 Groupe de recherche en écologie buccale, Faculté de médecine dentaire, Université Laval, Québec City, G1V 0A6, Canada2 加拿大魁北克市 G1V 0A6 拉瓦尔大学牙科学院口腔生态研究小组 3 Félix d’Hérelle Reference Center

Abstract 摘要 Phage therapy is one of the alternatives to treat infections caused by both antibiotic-sensitive and antibiotic-resistant bacteria, with no or low toxicity to patients. It was started a century ago, although rapidly growing bacterial antimicrobial resistance, resulting in high levels of morbidity, mortality, and financial cost, has initiated the revival of phage therapy. It

Opinion 意见 Evolutionary Rationale for Phages as Complements of Antibiotics噬菌体与抗生素互补的进化原理 Clara Torres-Barceló1,* and Michael E. Hochberg1,2,*Clara Torres-Barceló1,* 和 Michael E. Hochberg1,2,* Trends 发展趋势 The efficacy of new and old antibiotics could be preserved if combined with phages.如果与噬菌体结合使用，新旧抗生素的功效都能得到保留。 Positive interactions have been observed between antibiotics and lytic phages in controlling bacterial pathogens both in vitro and in vivo.在体外和体内，都观察到抗生素和溶菌噬菌体在控制细菌病原体方面的良性相互作用。

The irrational use of antibiotics has led to a high emergence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria. The traditional overuse of antibiotics in the animal feed industry plays a crucial role in the emergence of these pathogens that pose both economic and health problems. In addition, antibiotics have also recently experienced an increase to treat companion animal infections, promoting the emergence of MDR bacteria in pets, which can reach humans. Phages have been proposed as an alternative for antibiotics for the treatment of livestock and companion animal infections due to their multiple advantages as adaptative drugs, such as their ability to evolve, to multiply at the site of infections, and their high specificity. Moreover, phage-derived enzymes may also be an interesting approach. However, the lack of regulation for this type of pharmaceutical hinders its potential commercialization. In this review, we summarize the main recent studies on phage therapy in livestock and companion animals, providing an insight into current advances in this area and the future of treatments for bacterial infections.
抗生素的不合理使用导致了多重耐药菌的大量出现。在动物饲料工业中，抗生素的传统过度使用在这些病原体的出现中起着至关重要的作用，这些病原体造成了经济和健康问题。此外，抗生素最近也经历了治疗伴侣动物感染的增加，促进了宠物中MDR细菌的出现，这些细菌可以到达人类。由于噬菌体作为适应性药物的多种优势，例如它们在感染部位进化、繁殖的能力以及它们的高特异性，噬菌体已被提议作为抗生素的替代物用于治疗家畜和伴侣动物感染。此外，噬菌体衍生的酶也可能是一种有趣的方法。然而，缺乏对这类药物的监管阻碍了其潜在的商业化。 在这篇综述中，我们总结了最近在家畜和伴侣动物中的噬菌体治疗的主要研究，提供了对该领域当前进展和细菌感染治疗未来的见解。