5. Conclusions 5.结论
The problem of MDR bacteria has increased disproportionately in recent years due to the misuse of antibiotics. Their use in food-producing animals is particularly abusive despite recent regulations to reduce their impact. The increase of MDR bacteria in this sector causes serious animal health problems and also significant economic losses. In addition, concern for pet care has also meant an increase in the use of antibiotics in companion animals, which implies the emergence of new MDR strains that can cause infections in pets and easily reach humans.
近年来，由于滥用抗生素，MDR细菌的问题不成比例地增加。尽管最近有法规规定减少其影响，但其在食用动物中的使用尤其滥用。MDR细菌在这一领域的增加导致严重的动物健康问题，也造成重大的经济损失。此外，对宠物护理的关注也意味着伴侣动物中抗生素使用的增加，这意味着新的MDR菌株的出现，这些菌株可能会导致宠物感染并很容易到达人类。
Phage therapy has been proposed as one of the most interesting alternatives due to its properties such as its high specificity, its ability to multiply at the site of infection and to evolve, the potential use of phage-derived enzymes, and also because of its economic cost. Therefore, phage therapy may be an important alternative for the treatment of infections in both livestock and companion animals. Although several studies have been carried out in this area focusing on the treatment of pathogenic bacteria affecting different animals, further efforts are mandatory to enhance the value of phage therapy in animals and will open new avenues for bacterial treatment in the near future. Thus, phage therapy has been explored and proposed as a potential alternative to antibiotics but has not yet been recognized as a therapeutic tool. Interestingly, phage-based products could be easily commercialized, facilitating their use in the market as antimicrobial drugs. However, the potential of phages to control animal infections requires improving the specific regulation of these products, making the need for further research in the field a major concern.
噬菌体疗法已被提议作为最有趣的替代方案之一，由于其特性，如其高特异性，其在感染部位繁殖和进化的能力，噬菌体衍生酶的潜在用途，以及还由于其经济成本。因此，噬菌体治疗可能是治疗家畜和伴侣动物感染的重要替代方案。虽然在这一领域已经进行了几项研究，重点是治疗影响不同动物的病原菌，但必须进一步努力提高噬菌体治疗在动物中的价值，并将在不久的将来开辟细菌治疗的新途径。因此，噬菌体疗法已被探索并提出作为抗生素的潜在替代方案，但尚未被认为是一种治疗工具。有趣的是，基于噬菌体的产品可以很容易地商业化，促进它们作为抗菌药物在市场上的使用。 然而，由于抗生素控制动物感染的潜力，需要改善对这些产品的具体监管，因此需要在该领域进行进一步研究。